Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis: An Introduction
In some cases, a
multiple myeloma diagnosis will be made using a routine blood test after an x-ray for a broken bone. However, in most cases, multiple myeloma will be diagnosed after a patient goes to his or her doctor for relief from symptoms of the disease. If a person has possible multiple myeloma symptoms, the doctor will most likely need to perform a physical exam and ask about the patient's personal and family medical history. In order to make a multiple myeloma diagnosis, the doctor will also usually recommend additional tests and procedures.
Tests and Procedures Used to Make a Multiple Myeloma Diagnosis
Tests and procedures that may be used to make a multiple myeloma diagnosis include:
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- X-rays
- Biopsy.
Blood Tests
After blood is taken, the lab will check the level of blood cells and other substances. Myeloma causes a high level of plasma cells,
calcium, and certain proteins and in some cases, anemia. The lab will check for M protein, beta-2-microglobulin, and other proteins.
Urine Tests
After urine has been taken, the lab will check the sample for Bence Jones protein, which is a type of M protein in urine. The lab will measure the amount of Bence Jones protein in the urine collected over a 24-hour period. If the lab finds a high level of Bence Jones protein in the urine sample, doctors will need to monitor the patient's kidneys because Bence Jones protein can clog the kidneys and damage them.
