With bladder cancer, cancer cells form in the tissues of the bladder. There are three different types of this cancer: transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell bladder carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Risk factors for bladder cancer include tobacco use, race, gender, and family history. Common symptoms include blood in the urine, pain during urination, and frequent urination. Treatment options for bladder cancer vary based on the type, the stage, the tumor grade, and the patient's age and general health.